Rudolph William Louis Giuliani born May 28 1944 is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001 He previously served as the United States Associate Attorney General from 1981 to 1983 and the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1983 to 1989 Giuliani led the 1980s federal prosecution of New York City mafia bosses as US Attorney for the Southern District of New York After a failed campaign for Mayor of New York City in the 1989 election he succeeded in 1993 and was reelected in 1997 campaigning on a tough on crime platform He led New Yorks controversial civic cleanup from 1994 to 2001 Mayor Giuliani appointed an outsider William Bratton as New York Citys new police commissioner In an effort to reform the police departments administration and policing practices they applied the broken windows theory The theory states that social disorder like disrepair and vandalism attracts loitering addicts panhandlers prostitutes and criminals Accordingly Giuliani removed panhandlers and sex clubs from Times Square As crime rates fell steeply well ahead of the national average pace Giuliani was widely credited though later critics cite other contributing factors In 2000 he ran against First Lady Hillary Clinton for a US Senate seat from New York but left the race once diagnosed with prostate cancer For his mayoral leadership after the September 11 attacks in 2001 he was called Americas mayor and was named Time magazines Person of the Year for 2001
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