Miriam Makeba

Zenzile Miriam Makeba 4 March 1932 9 November 2008 nicknamed Mama Africa was a South African singer songwriter actress and civil rights activist Associated with musical genres including Afropop jazz and world music she was an advocate against apartheid and whiteminority government in South Africa Born in Johannesburg to Swazi and Xhosa parents Makeba was forced to find employment as a child after the death of her father She had a brief and allegedly abusive first marriage at the age of 17 gave birth to her only child in 1950 and survived breast cancer Her vocal talent had been recognized when she was a child and she began singing professionally in the 1950s with the Cuban Brothers the Manhattan Brothers and an allwoman group the Skylarks performing a mixture of jazz traditional African melodies and Western popular music In 1959 Makeba had a brief role in the antiapartheid film Come Back Africa which brought her international attention and led to her performing in Venice London and New York City In London she met the American singer Harry Belafonte who became a mentor and colleague She moved to New York City where she became immediately popular and recorded her first solo album in 1960 Her attempt to return to South Africa that year for her mothers funeral was prevented by the countrys government Makebas career flourished in the United States and she released several albums and songs her most popular being Pata Pata 1967 Along with Belafonte she received a Grammy Award for her 1965 album An Evening with BelafonteMakeba She testified against the South African government at the United Nations and became involved in the civil rights movement She married Stokely Carmichael a leader of the Black Panther Party in 1968 As a result she lost support among white Americans Her visa was revoked by the US government when she was traveling abroad forcing her and Carmichael to relocate to Guinea She continued to perform mostly in African countries including at several independence celebrations She began to write and perform music more explicitly critical of apartheid the 1977 song Soweto Blues written by her former husband Hugh Masekela was about the Soweto uprising After apartheid was dismantled in 1990 Makeba returned to South Africa She continued recording and performing including a 1991 album with Nina Simone and Dizzy Gillespie and appeared in the 1992 film Sarafina She was named an FAO Goodwill Ambassador in 1999 and campaigned for humanitarian causes She died of a heart attack during a 2008 concert in Italy Makeba was among the first African musicians to receive worldwide recognition She brought African music to a Western audience and popularized the world music and Afropop genres She also made popular several songs critical of apartheid and became a symbol of opposition to the system particularly after her right to return was revoked Upon her death former South African President Nelson Mandela said that her music inspired a powerful sense of hope in all of us Source Article Miriam Makeba from Wikipedia in English licensed under CCBYSA 30